EC指令
電氣元件如:電磁閥、固態磁性開關、電氣比列閥、電動執行器和控制器等等,都需要遵守EMC指令,該指令在范圍上與機械指令類似。其中,現在對于設備的定義為“提供給終端客戶,有具體功能的產品,可作為一個獨立產品進行銷售或使用”。 CETOP(歐洲液壓與氣動委員會)代表其成員發布了關于EMC指令的聲明,因為該標準尤其與氣動和液壓公司緊密。該定義說明:EMC指令僅適用于集成應用線路板的氣動元件。
Electro-pneumatic components i.e. solenoid valves, solid-state cylinder autoswitches, electro-pneumatic regulators, electric actuators and controllers etc. all need to comply with the EMC directive. The directive is similar in scope to that of the Machinery directive in that now the definition of apparatus is ‘a finished product having an intrinsic function which is intended for the end user or intended for supply or taken into service as a single commercial unit’. On behalf of it’s member companies, CETOP (Comité Européen des Transmissions Oléohydrauliques et Pneumatiques) has issued a position statement on the EMC directive as it specifically relates to Pneumatics and Hydraulics companies. This definition states that the EMC directive only applies to pneumatic components which use circuit boards incorporating “active” components. | | 對于SMC氣動產品來說,這種定義在范圍上過于狹隘。許多帶電氣元件的氣動產品都不在CETOP(歐洲液壓與氣動委員會)定義的范圍之內。即使是在EMC指令的范圍內,仍可能會發射電磁能或受到電磁能的影響。因此,SMC將對眾多在CETOP定義范圍之外并且含電子元件的氣動產品進行CE標記認證。 *,即使全部由CE標記認證的產品組裝成的機械設備或系統,并不意味著該機械設備或者系統能夠在未經測試的情況聲明自己已經取得CE標記認證。但是,使用已經獲得CE標記的元件能大幅簡化產品的認證過程。這尤其適用于后認證工作采用技術機構檔案方式。 The position taken by SMC Pneumatics is that this interpretation is too limited in scope. Many pneumatic devices with electrical elements which fall outside the CETOP definition may still emit or be affected by electromagnetic energy within the scope of the EMC directives. SMC will therefore certificate and CE mark many pneumatic components which have an electrical content but fall outside the CETOP definition. While it is acknowledged that building a machine or system wholly from CE marked components does not mean that the machine or system can be CE marked without final testing, the use of CE marked components can greatly simplify the process of certificating a finished product. This is particularly applicable when the Technical Construction File (TCF) route is followed for final certification. |
CE機械指令(健康與安全) CE Machinery (Health & Safety)
機械指令(關于機械 & 安全元件的設計與構造的 “基本健康和安全要求”)
Machinery (Essential Health & Safety Requirements Relating to the Design & Construction of Machinery & Safety Components) 雖然經過認證的系統和機械,其上安裝的氣動和電氣元件也包括在這個標準內,但是它們作為個體就不適用該標準。機械指令范圍還包括“安全元件”,在本文中按下述方式定義:“一個安全元件就是一個單獨銷售、專門設計、制造并為某項安全功能推向市場的元件”。 Although pneumatic & electro-pneumatic components are used in systems and on machines covered by this directive they do not individually come within it’s scope. The scope of the Machinery Directive also includes ‘safety components’, which are defined in this context as follows: “A safety component is a component, sold separay, specifically designed, manufactured and marketed for a safety function.” 因此,偶爾用于安全系統的標準元件,憑借其自身實力來說,其不能被劃分為安全元件。包含在安全元件范疇內而沒有CE標記,就必須按類型認證,該項工作應該由認證機構進行而不是由用戶自己來鑒定。如果控制面板不包括執行元件,其不能被劃分為機械。
Thus, standard components which happen to be used in a safety system, would not be classified as safety components in their own right. Safety components which are encompassed are not to be CE marked but conformance must be by type approval conducted by a ‘recognised body’ rather than self certification.Control panels will not be categorised as a machine provided they do not contain or include actuators. 歐盟新版機械指令2006/42/EC 將于2009年12 月29 日起生效執行(例外:唯有可攜帶式匣帶加工機械或具有擠壓功能的加工機匣,可以到2011年6月29日才實施),取代現行的機械指令98/37/EC,且無緩沖過渡期。據官fang的文件,只有在12月29日之后,才能建立一份根據指令2006/42/EC的聲明。新版指令有許多差異,對銷往歐盟的機械制造商與經銷商將造成較大影響。 新版機械指令2006/42/EC的主要變化: 新版機械指令2006/42/EC和舊版機械指令98/37/EC的主要區別在于指令的適用范圍,基本健康和安全要求,定義以及符合性評估程序和市場監督方面。
1、新指令適用范圍增加了半成品,舉升附件等;
(a) machinery 機械設備; (b) interchangeable equipment 可互換性設備; (c) safety components 安全零組件; (d) lifting accessories 升降機附件; (e) chains, ropes and webbing 鏈條、繩索、絲網; (f) removable mechanical transmission devices 可拆卸的機械傳動裝置; (g) partly completed machinery 機械半成品機械裝置.
2、新指令附錄I基本健康和安全同老指令存在一些技術差異,如噪音聲壓值80dB需標出聲功率值;
3、新指令增加了更多術語明確的定義如半成品,制造商;
4、評估程序,新指令不在使用“storage option”模式,只接收下列中的一個模式:
(a) the procedure for assessment of conformity with internal checks on the manufacture of machinery, provided for in Annex VIII 自我宣告; (b) the EC type-examination procedure provided for in Annex IX, plus the internal checks on the manufacture of machinery provided for in Annex VIII, point 3 EC 型式驗證; (c) the full quality assurance procedure provided for in Annex X 全面質量保證模試.
5、機械指令2006/42/EC對于附錄四(Annex IV)中危險機械的產品清單進行了更新,在98/37/EC指令中17種危險機械的基礎上增加到23種;同時對于98/37/EC Annex IV part B部分的安全機械部件,在2006/42/EC中單獨以附錄五(Annex V)的形式列出,由原來的5個安全部件增加到17類產品,通過更新目錄及限制進入歐盟市場進行控制。
6、新指令要求半成品投入市場需達到以下要求并隨同半成品一起提供直到成品完成: (a) the relevant technical documentation described in Annex VII, part B is prepared 編制附錄VII B的技術文件; (b) assembly instructions described in Annex VI are prepared 附錄VI描述的裝配說明書; (c) a declaration of incorporation described in Annex II, part 1, Section B has been drawn up 宣告.
7、加強了市場監督力度:
由于目前不合法的CE證書或宣告太多,許多帶有CE標志的機械產品并沒有達到相關歐盟指令的要求,新版機械指令加強市場監督力度。不論是歐盟各國的制造商,還是外國所制造而銷往歐盟境內的機械制造商,為了方便歐盟CE監督機構的監督工作有效進行,新版機械指令規定:在制造商的宣告文件中必須要有制造商授權編制整套TCF技術文件的負責人名稱及聯絡地址,并且此人必須被確定在歐盟境內。(原文:The EC declaration of conformity must contain the following particulars: name and address of the person authorised to compile the technical file, who must be established in the Community。) 也就是說,一但歐盟CE監督機構發現CE證書或宣告存在虛假跡象,機械產品沒有達到相關歐盟指令的要求或機械產品出現了安全事故時,他們能夠立即在歐盟境內到此負責人,此人代表制造商與歐盟當局處理CE相關事宜。 新版機械指令2006/42/EC已公布的新標準: 歐盟委員會已委派歐洲電工標準化委員會(CENELEC)發展新標準以確保現行標準可以按照新版機械指令2006/42/EC查驗并做必要的改編。此外,所有協調標準必須包含對新指令的一個參照。具體請查看附件2006/42/EC指令下已公布的標準,新指令協 |